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Proof step 1 from proof merge-owned (conclusion) (back to tree)

⊦ (a[hP] * hR)[rs, f, g] ∧ (a0[hP0] * hR0)[rs, f, g] ∧ a0 ≠ a → (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs, f, g]

System applied rule normalize

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 2 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

a0 ≠ a, (a[hP] * hR)[rs, f, g], (a0[hP0] * hR0)[rs, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs, f, g] ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 3 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

a0 ≠ a, (a0[hP0] * hR0)[rs, f, g], (a[hP] * hR)[rs, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs, f, g] ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: heap-aux, name:sep, seq:⊦ (hR0 * hR1)[rs, f, g] ↔ (∃ rs0, rs1. rs0 ∪ rs1 = rs ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ ∧ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g]), subst:[rs, hR1, g, hR0, f] → [rs, hR, g, a[hP], f], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: rs, hR, g, a[hP], f

Proof step 4 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ (hR0 * hR1)[rs, f, g] ↔ (∃ rs0, rs1. rs0 ∪ rs1 = rs ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ ∧ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g])

A spec-lemma

Proof step 5 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

a0 ≠ a, (a0[hP0] * hR0)[rs, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs, f, g], ∃ rs0, rs1. rs0 ∪ rs1 = rs ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ ∧ a[hP][rs0, f, g] ∧ hR[rs1, f, g] ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 6 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, a0 ≠ a, a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], (a0[hP0] * hR0)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g] ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: heap-aux, name:sep, seq:⊦ (hR0 * hR1)[rs, f, g] ↔ (∃ rs0, rs1. rs0 ∪ rs1 = rs ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ ∧ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g]), subst:[rs, hR1, g, hR0, f] → [rs0 ∪ rs1, hR0, g, a0[hP0], f], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: rs0 ∪ rs1, hR0, g, a0[hP0], f

Proof step 7 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ (hR0 * hR1)[rs, f, g] ↔ (∃ rs0, rs1. rs0 ∪ rs1 = rs ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ ∧ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g])

A spec-lemma

Proof step 8 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ∃ rs2, rs3. rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1 ∧ rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅ ∧ a0[hP0][rs2, f, g] ∧ hR0[rs3, f, g] ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 9 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g] ⊦

User applied rule cut formula

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

fma: rs2 ⊆ rs1

Additional information

Used formulas: rs2 ⊆ rs1

Proof step 10 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], rs2 ⊆ rs1, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g] ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: set-union[refset], name:subset-is-union, seq: ⊦ s ⊆ s0 ↔ (∃ s1. s ∪ s1 = s0 ∧ s ∩ s1 = ∅), subst:[s0, s] → [rs1, rs2], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: rs1, rs2

Proof step 11 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ s ⊆ s0 ↔ (∃ s1. s ∪ s1 = s0 ∧ s ∩ s1 = ∅)

A spec-lemma

Proof step 12 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ∃ s1. rs2 ∪ s1 = rs1 ∧ rs2 ∩ s1 = ∅ ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Used simplifier rules: int-c: ⊦ s ∩ s0 = s0 ∩ s; from specification set-union[refset] int-a: ⊦ (s ∩ s0) ∩ s1 = s ∩ s0 ∩ s1; from specification set-union[refset] unc: ⊦ s ∪ s0 = s0 ∪ s; from specification set-union[refset] una: ⊦ (s ∪ s0) ∪ s1 = s ∪ s0 ∪ s1; from specification set-union[refset] ⊦ s ∩ (s0 ∪ s1) = ∅ ↔ s ∩ s0 = ∅ ∧ s ∩ s1 = ∅; (ws)

Proof step 13 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs2 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs2 ∪ rs, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs2 ∪ rs, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs2 ∪ rs3, f, g] ⊦

User applied rule subst equation

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

pos: left 5, flags: discard

Additional information

Proof step 14 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs2 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, a0 ≠ a, a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR[rs2 ∪ rs, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs2 ∪ rs, f, g] ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: heap-aux, name:split-uni, seq:⊦ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g] ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ → (hR0 * hR1)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], subst:[rs0, hR1, g, hR0, f, rs1] → [rs0, a0[hP0] * true, g, a[hP], f, rs2 ∪ rs], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: rs0, a0[hP0] * true, g, a[hP], f, rs2 ∪ rs

Proof step 15 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g] ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ → (hR0 * hR1)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g]

A spec-lemma

Proof step 16 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs2 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs = ∅, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs2 ∪ rs, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs2 ∪ rs, f, g] ⊦ a[hP][rs0, f, g] ∧ (a0[hP0] * true)[rs2 ∪ rs, f, g] ∧ rs0 ∩ (rs2 ∪ rs) = ∅

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Used simplifier rules: int-c: ⊦ s ∩ s0 = s0 ∩ s; from specification set-union[refset] int-a: ⊦ (s ∩ s0) ∩ s1 = s ∩ s0 ∩ s1; from specification set-union[refset] unc: ⊦ s ∪ s0 = s0 ∪ s; from specification set-union[refset] una: ⊦ (s ∪ s0) ∪ s1 = s ∪ s0 ∪ s1; from specification set-union[refset] ⊦ s ∩ (s0 ∪ s1) = ∅ ↔ s ∩ s0 = ∅ ∧ s ∩ s1 = ∅; (ws)

Proof step 17 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs2 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, a0 ≠ a, a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR[rs2 ∪ rs, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs2 ∪ rs, f, g], ¬ (a0[hP0] * true)[rs2 ∪ rs, f, g] ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: heap-aux, name:split-uni, seq:⊦ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g] ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ → (hR0 * hR1)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], subst:[rs0, hR1, g, hR0, f, rs1] → [rs2, true, g, a0[hP0], f, rs], <all paths>

Additional information

Used simplifier rules: ⊦ true[rs, f, g]; (s) Used terms: rs2, true, g, a0[hP0], f, rs

Proof step 18 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ hR0[rs0, f, g] ∧ hR1[rs1, f, g] ∧ rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅ → (hR0 * hR1)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g]

A spec-lemma

Proof step 19 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ rs2 ⊆ rs1 ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: set-basic[refset], name:Subset, seq: ⊦ s1 ⊆ s2 ↔ (∀ a. a ∈ s1 → a ∈ s2), subst:[s2, s1] → [rs1, rs2], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: rs1, rs2

Proof step 20 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ s1 ⊆ s2 ↔ (∀ a. a ∈ s1 → a ∈ s2)

A spec-lemma

Proof step 21 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ∃ r. ¬(r ∈ rs2 → r ∈ rs1) ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 22 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], a[hP][rs0, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1 ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: heap-aux, name:apply, seq: ⊦ hR[rs, f, g] ↔ hR(mk(rs, f, g)), subst:[g, f, rs, hR] → [g, f, rs0, a[hP]], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: g, f, rs0, a[hP]

Proof step 23 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ hR[rs, f, g] ↔ hR(mk(rs, f, g))

A spec-lemma

Proof step 24 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, a0[hP0][rs2, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], a[hP](mk(rs0, f, g)), hR[rs1, f, g], r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1 ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: heap-aux, name:apply, seq: ⊦ hR[rs, f, g] ↔ hR(mk(rs, f, g)), subst:[g, f, rs, hR] → [g, f, rs2, a0[hP0]], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: g, f, rs2, a0[hP0]

Proof step 25 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ hR[rs, f, g] ↔ hR(mk(rs, f, g))

A spec-lemma

Proof step 26 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], a[hP](mk(rs0, f, g)), hR0[rs3, f, g], a0[hP0](mk(rs2, f, g)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1 ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: <toplevel>, name:lift-aux, seq: ⊦ a[hP](mk(rs, f, g)) ↔ hP(mk(rs, f)) ∧ (∀ r. r ∈ rs → g(r) = a), subst:[a, hP, rs, g, f] → [a0, hP0, rs2, g, f], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: a0, hP0, rs2, g, f

Proof step 27 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ a[hP](mk(rs, f, g)) ↔ hP(mk(rs, f)) ∧ (∀ r. r ∈ rs → g(r) = a)

Lemma lift-aux

Proof step 28 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR0[rs3, f, g], a[hP](mk(rs0, f, g)), hR[rs1, f, g], hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0 ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 29 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], a[hP](mk(rs0, f, g)), hR0[rs3, f, g], hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0 ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: <toplevel>, name:lift-aux, seq: ⊦ a[hP](mk(rs, f, g)) ↔ hP(mk(rs, f)) ∧ (∀ r. r ∈ rs → g(r) = a), subst:[a, hP, rs, g, f] → [a, hP, rs0, g, f], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: a, hP, rs0, g, f

Proof step 30 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ a[hP](mk(rs, f, g)) ↔ hP(mk(rs, f)) ∧ (∀ r. r ∈ rs → g(r) = a)

Lemma lift-aux

Proof step 31 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR0[rs3, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], hP(mk(rs0, f)), hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0, ∀ r. r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 32 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs2 ∪ rs3 = rs0 ∪ rs1, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], hP(mk(rs0, f)), hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1, ∀ r. r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0 ⊦

User applied rule apply rewrite lemma

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

spec: set-basic[refset], name:Extension, seq: ⊦ s1 = s2 ↔ (∀ a. a ∈ s1 ↔ a ∈ s2), subst:[s2, s1] → [rs0 ∪ rs1, rs2 ∪ rs3], <all paths>

Additional information

Used terms: rs0 ∪ rs1, rs2 ∪ rs3

Proof step 33 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

⊦ s1 = s2 ↔ (∀ a. a ∈ s1 ↔ a ∈ s2)

A spec-lemma

Proof step 34 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, a0 ≠ a, hR0[rs3, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], hP(mk(rs0, f)), hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0, ∀ r. r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 ∪ rs3 ↔ r ∈ rs0 ∪ rs1 ⊦

User applied rule all left

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

pos: left 12 terms: r abort: F discard: F computed: T

Additional information

Used terms: r

Proof step 35 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, a0 ≠ a, hR[rs1, f, g], hR0[rs3, f, g], hP(mk(rs0, f)), hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1, r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 ∪ rs3 ↔ r ∈ rs0 ∪ rs1, ∀ r. r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0 ⊦

User applied rule all left

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

pos: left 14 terms: r abort: F discard: F computed: T

Additional information

Used terms: r

Proof step 36 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, a0 ≠ a, hR0[rs3, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], hP(mk(rs0, f)), hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * a0[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs1, r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a, r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 → g(r) = a0, ∀ r. r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 ∪ rs3 ↔ r ∈ rs0 ∪ rs1 ⊦

Heuristic simplifier applied rule simplifier

And obtained the following new goals

Rule argument

Additional information

Proof step 37 from proof merge-owned (previous step) (back to tree)

rs2 ∩ rs3 = ∅, rs0 ∩ rs1 = ∅, g(r) ≠ a, hR0[rs3, f, g], hR[rs1, f, g], hP(mk(rs0, f)), hP0(mk(rs2, f)), r ∈ rs2, ¬ (a[hP] * g(r)[hP0] * true)[rs0 ∪ rs1, f, g], ¬ r ∈ rs0, ¬ r ∈ rs1, ∀ r0. r0 ∈ rs2 → g(r0) = g(r), ∀ r. r ∈ rs0 → g(r) = a, ∀ r. r ∈ rs2 ∪ rs3 ↔ r ∈ rs0 ∪ rs1 ⊦

Heuristic quantifier closing applied rule all left

And closed the goal!

Rule argument

pos: left 14 terms: r

Additional information

Used simplifier rules: ⊦ ¬ a ∈ s → (a ∈ s ∪ s0 ↔ a ∈ s0); (s) ⊦ a ∈ s ∪ s0 ↔ ¬(¬ a ∈ s ∧ ¬ a ∈ s0); (ss) una: ⊦ (s ∪ s0) ∪ s1 = s ∪ s0 ∪ s1; from specification set-union[refset] unc: ⊦ s ∪ s0 = s0 ∪ s; from specification set-union[refset] Used terms: r

Proof Tree for merge-owned (View conclusion)

The following image shows the proof tree of sequent calculus. The proved goal is at the bottom. You can click on the nodes to view additional rules. See here for details on colors in a proof tree.

the proof tree